Article:

On May 3, 1946, a historic trial began in Tokyo as the International Military Tribunal for the Far East convened. This trial, also known as the Tokyo trial, has often been overlooked in the West compared to the more well-known Nuremberg trials. However, Gary Bass’s compelling book, “Judgment at Tokyo,” sheds light on the significance of this trial in shaping postwar Asian politics and the global human rights regime.

The trial took place less than a year after Japan’s surrender to the Allies, and it sought to hold Japan’s wartime military and civilian leaders accountable for their actions. Over 28 defendants, including Tojo Hideki, the former Prime Minister of Japan, faced the judges. The irony was not lost on Tojo, as the trial took place in the same building that had once housed his office during the war.

While the Western focus on World War II often centers on the European theater, Bass emphasizes the importance of understanding the Asian experience under war and occupation. He highlights the atrocities committed by Japan and the impact of the trial on postwar Asia, particularly in discrediting militarist policies in Japan.

Bass explores the flaws and ironies of the Tokyo trial but also credits it as a remarkable endeavor. The trial lasted almost three times as long as Nuremberg and featured an international cast of judges who brought their unique perspectives. It gave voice to the victims of Japan’s campaign of imperialism and shed light on Japan’s wartime atrocities.

However, the trial also had its shortcomings. It spared Emperor Hirohito from indictment, a decision that outraged many judges and incensed the Allied public. The trial also overlooked certain human rights abuses, such as the “comfort women” program, and omitted Japanese victims of Allied violence.

Bass contends that despite its flaws, the Tokyo trial played a crucial role in educating the world about Japan’s actions during the war and discrediting a militarist foreign policy. It served as a historical record and empowered liberal scholars and leaders to challenge those who denied the human rights abuses committed by Japan.

Moreover, Bass’s exploration of the trial raises important questions about the tension between liberal ideals and political realities in international politics. The trial’s pursuit of idealism clashed with pragmatism and self-interest, leading to tradeoffs and resentment.

The article also examines how the Tokyo trial fits into contemporary debates about a “rules-based international order.” Critics argue that this order is merely a disguise for realpolitik, while proponents see it as a path towards peace and justice. Bass’s analysis of the Tokyo trial offers a unique lens to understand this ongoing debate.

In conclusion, “Judgment at Tokyo” is a thought-provoking book that delves into the complexities of the Tokyo trial and its impact on postwar Asia. It challenges conventional narratives of World War II and highlights the importance of understanding the Asian perspective. Although flawed, the trial played a significant role in shaping history and the pursuit of justice.